Shibbir Ahmed, New York –  International human rights organization Human Rights Watch (HRW) has raised concerns over the mass detention of opposition political activists in Bangladesh, warning of growing threats to political freedoms and human rights. In a report published on October 5, HRW said police detained approximately 290 people attending a meeting of the Jatiya Samajtantrik Dal (JSD), a left-wing political party, in Dhaka on September 26.

According to the report written by Elaine Pearson, HRW’s Asia director, members of the ruling Bangladesh Nationalist Party’s (BNP) youth wing, Jubo Dal, alleged that the gathering was a secret meeting of the banned Awami League. The report said a court remanded 27 of those detained to custody over allegations that they had chanted “Joy Bangla,” a slogan associated with the Awami League.

The JSD was part of the 14-party alliance led by the Awami League, which governed Bangladesh from 2009 until 2024. The Sheikh Hasina government fell following student-led protests in 2024, during which hundreds of people were killed by security forces, according to the HRW report.

HRW also reported that police detained 12 Awami League activists in Barisal on September 26 over allegations that they had held a secret meeting to plan sabotage. Two days later, another 15 people were arrested in Dhaka under Bangladesh’s 2009 Anti-Terrorism Act on similar allegations. According to the report, those detained said they had gathered to mark former Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina’s birthday.

The report noted that serious human rights violations occurred during Hasina’s rule, including extrajudicial killings, enforced disappearances, torture and arbitrary detention of political opponents. The BNP also faced severe repression while it was in opposition. However, HRW stressed that past human rights abuses do not justify similar violations by the current government.

The organization expressed concern over the arbitrary detention of perceived Awami League supporters and the rollback of human rights safeguards proposed by the interim government.

International human rights law protects freedom of expression and association. According to HRW, violations committed under a previous government cannot justify restrictions on the same rights under a new administration. The report underscores continuing concerns over the protection of political freedoms, due process and the rule of law in Bangladesh.

Elaine Pearson – The mass arrest of attendees at a meeting of a small left-wing political party in Dhaka on September 26 marks the latest reported incident raising concerns about civil and political rights in Bangladesh.

Police took approximately 290 supporters of the Jatiya Samajtantrik Dal (JSD) into custody after members of the ruling Bangladesh Nationalist Party’s (BNP) youth wing, Jubo Dal, alleged that the gathering was a “secret” meeting of the banned Awami League, led by former Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina. A court subsequently remanded 27 of those arrested to custody over allegations that they had chanted “Joy Bangla,” or “Victory to Bengal,” a slogan associated with the Awami League.

The JSD was part of a 14-party alliance led by the Awami League, which governed Bangladesh from 2009 until 2024. That government was toppled following student-led protests in which hundreds of people were killed by security forces.

The BNP, now in power, faced severe repression during the Awami League’s tenure. However, since taking office following the February elections, the BNP government has also targeted people perceived as political opponents. Hundreds of Awami League members are reportedly in jail, many without formal charges.

Police have repeatedly raided gatherings allegedly involving Awami League supporters. On September 26, the same day as the JSD meeting in Dhaka, police in Barisal detained 12 Awami League activists accused of holding a “secret” meeting to “plan sabotage.” Two days later, another 15 people were arrested in Dhaka under the Anti-Terrorism Act of 2009 on similar allegations. Those detained in both cases said they had gathered to commemorate Hasina’s birthday.

During Hasina’s rule, Bangladesh experienced widespread and serious human rights violations, including extrajudicial killings, enforced disappearances, torture, and the arbitrary detention of political opponents.

The BNP came to power promising to restore human rights and uphold the rule of law. Yet its reported use of arbitrary detention against perceived opponents, alongside the rollback of human rights safeguards proposed by the interim government, raises questions about its commitment to those promises.

International human rights law protects freedom of expression and freedom of association. These rights apply to everyone, regardless of political affiliation. Past abuses committed under the Awami League government cannot justify similar violations by the BNP government today.

Bangladesh’s political history offers repeated warnings about the consequences of suppressing dissent. Protecting civil liberties, ensuring due process, and allowing peaceful political participation are essential to preventing another cycle of repression. Political accountability must apply to every government, regardless of which party holds power.

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Elaine Pearson, HRW, London